Análisis del conocimiento sobre los inhibidores selectivos de la recaptura de serotonina (ISRS) en el manejo de la depresión por médicos residentes y concurrentes de clínica médica de 5 hospitales de CABA / Review of the Knowledge on Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) for Depression Management by Resident and Intern Physicians of the Medical Clinic of 5 Hospitals in CABA

Introducción: la depresión es un trastorno cada vez más prevalente alrededor del mundo. Los médicos generales son los profesionales de la salud más consultados por pacientes deprimidos. Más del 70% de los pacientes con depresión son vistos por médicos generales y no por especialistas en Psiquiatría. Según estudios realizados en Buenos Aires, más del 25% de los pacientes internados en Servicios de Clínica Médica en hospitales generales presenta depresión. Estos pacientes suelen ser atendidos y seguidos por médicos en formación, sean residentes o concurrentes de Clínica Médica. El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar el conocimiento sobre los inhibidores selectivos de la recaptura de serotonina (ISRS) que tienen los médicos residentes y concurrentes de Clínica Médica de 5 hospitales de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA) y describir el tratamiento de un paciente depresivo por ellos. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con un muestreo de tipo no probabilístico. Se utilizó como instrumento de medición un cuestionario semiestructurado organizado en dos secciones, una de datos demográficos que permiten caracterizar la muestra. La otra, de 15 ítems, explora los conocimientos sobre los ISRS y el tratamiento de la depresión. Dicho cuestionario fue revisado por 4 expertos. El instrumento es anónimo. Se aplicó a 59 médicos en formación en Clínica Médica, residentes y concurrentes, de 5 hospitales de la CABA, que participaron de forma voluntaria, durante el período agosto-septiembre de 2022. Resultados: la mayoría de los médicos en formación en Clínica Médica no tratan cuadros depresivos y, ante un paciente deprimido, solicitan la evaluación por un especialista en Salud Mental. Solo un 6,8% lo medica con un antidepresivo. Más del 75% de la muestra refiere recordar los conocimientos que tiene sobre de los ISRS de la cursada de Farmacología y un 13,6 de la cursada de Psiquiatría en la Facultad de Medicina. Conclusión: se observa un conocimiento deficitario sobre los ISRS en médicos residentes y concurrentes de Clínica Médica. Se considera necesario reforzar la formación sobre depresión y manejo de antidepresivos durante la residencia/concurrencia de Clínica Médica. (AU)

Introduction: depression is an increasingly common disorder around the world. General practitioners are the most frequently consulted health professionals by depressed patients. More than 70% of all depressed patients receive treatment by general practitioners and not by psychiatric specialists. According to studies conducted in Buenos Aires, more than 25% of all patients admitted to the Clinical Services in public hospitals present depression. These patients are usually under the care and follow-up of clinical trainee physicians, residents, or interns.This study aimed to analyze the knowledge about selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) of clinical trainee residents and interns in five hospitals in the Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA) and to describe their treatment of a depressive patient. Material and methods: we conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic sampling. We used a semi-structured questionnaire arranged into two sections as a measuring tool. One, with demographic data to describe the sample. The other, with 15 items, explores respondents' knowledge of SSRIs and the treatment of depression. Four experts reviewed the questionnaire, which was anonymous. We applied it to 59 clinical medical trainees, residents, and interns from five CABA hospitals who volunteered to participate during August-September 2022. Results: most clinical trainees do not treat depressive conditions and, when confronted with a depressed patient, request an assessment by a Mental Health specialist. Only 6.8% medicate the patient with an antidepressant. More than 75% of the sample reported remembering their knowledge of SSRIs from the Pharmacology course and 13.6% from the Psychiatry course at the School of Medicine. Conclusion: there is a deficient knowledge about SSRIs in trainee residents and interns of Clínica Médica. We believe it is necessary to reinforce training on depression and management of antidepressants during residency/internship practice in Clínica Médica. (AU)

Improving explosive body capacity in female short track speed skaters / Melhoria da capacidade explosiva corporal em patinadoras de velocidade em pista curta / Mejora de la capacidad explosiva corporal en patinadoras de velocidad en pista corta

ABSTRACT Introduction The peculiar characteristics of short track speed skating should be integrated into the psychology of competitions; it is considered that elite athletes engaged in this particular sport should have a healthy psychic condition. Objective Investigate the explosive power of female speed skaters in short track speed skating. Methods 10 key athletes from the national short track speed skating team were selected, and explosive power was tested by T-test, hexagonal test, and pro sensitivity test. Data analysis was performed using an independent sample t-test, differences in the results of related test indicators between groups were analyzed, and repeated measures analysis of variance was used. Results During the explosive kick phase, knee extension speed increased linearly from 210°/S to 600°/S, and hip extension speed increased linearly from 200°/S to 400°/S. Conclusion The development of muscle group strength and explosive power during training often shows differences in the degree of contraction, which is related to the arrangement of training methods. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução As características peculiares da patinação de velocidade em pista curta devem ser integradas na psicologia das competições; considera-se que os atletas de elite engajados nesta modalidade especial devem ter boa condição psíquica. Objetivo Investigar o poder explosivo das patinadoras de patinação de velocidade em pista curta. Métodos 10 atletas-chave da equipe nacional de patinação de velocidade em pista curta foram selecionadas, o poder explosivo foi testado por teste T, teste hexagonal e teste de sensibilidade pro. A análise dos dados foi realizada utilizando um teste t de amostra independente, as diferenças nos resultados dos indicadores de teste relacionados entre os grupos foram analisadas, e foi utilizada a análise de medidas repetidas de variação. Resultados Durante a fase de pontapé explosivo, a velocidade da extensão do joelho aumentou linearmente de 210°/S para 600°/S, e a velocidade da extensão do quadril aumentou linearmente de 200°/S para 400°/S. Conclusão O desenvolvimento da força do grupo muscular e do poder explosivo durante o treinamento muitas vezes apresenta diferenças no grau de contração, o que está relacionado com a disposição dos métodos de treinamento. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción Las características peculiares del patinaje de velocidad en pista corta deben integrarse en la psicología de las competiciones; se considera que los atletas de élite que se dedican a esta modalidad especial deben tener una buena condición psíquica. Objetivo Investigar la potencia explosiva de las patinadoras de velocidad en pista corta. Métodos Se seleccionaron 10 atletas clave del equipo nacional de patinaje de velocidad en pista corta, se probó la potencia explosiva mediante la prueba T, la prueba hexagonal y la prueba de sensibilidad pro. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante una prueba t de muestras independientes, se analizaron las diferencias en los resultados de los indicadores de las pruebas relacionadas entre los grupos y se utilizó el análisis de varianza de medidas repetidas. Resultados Durante la fase de patada explosiva, la velocidad de extensión de la rodilla aumentó linealmente de 210°/S a 600°/S, y la velocidad de extensión de la cadera aumentó linealmente de 200°/S a 400°/S. Conclusión El desarrollo de la fuerza y la potencia explosiva de los grupos musculares durante el entrenamiento suele mostrar diferencias en el grado de contracción, lo que está relacionado con la disposición de los métodos de entrenamiento. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Indicación de N-acetilcisteína en distintas formas de toxicidad por paracetamol / Indication of n-acetylcysteine in differents forms of paracetamol toxicity

Introducción: la hepatotoxicidad por paracetamol está relacionada con la formación del metabolito N-acetil-parabenzoquinoneimina (NAPQI) y su falta de detoxificación a través del glutatión, cuyas reservas se deplecionan en el contexto de una sobredosis. La administración de N-acetilcisteína (NAC) como sustancia dadora de grupos tioles (-SH) contribuye a la prevención del daño hepático que puede desarrollarse con dosis terapéuticas o tóxicas. Métodos: se comentan 5 casos de exposición a paracetamol en los cuales se administró NAC por alteración de la función hepática. La gravedad de los cuadros varió en función de las dosis y del tiempo de latencia hasta la consulta. Resultados: cuatro pacientes ingirieron una única dosis tóxica y una paciente recibió la dosis diaria máxima de paracetamol de 4000 mg/día durante 5 días. La paciente que consultó dentro de las 4 horas posteriores a la ingesta no presentó elevación de transaminasas. Todas las pacientes recibieron NAC y sus valores de enzimas hepáticas se normalizaron al momento del alta. Conclusión: la administración temprana de NAC puede ser útil para prevenir daño hepático tanto en ingestas de dosis tóxicas, como en casos de utilización de dosis terapéuticas máximas durante varios días. (AU)

Introduction: paracetamol hepatotoxicity is related to the formation of the metabolite N-acetyl-parabenzoquinoneimine (NAPQI) and its lack of detoxification through glutathione, whose reserves are depleted in paracetamol overdose. The administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as a donor of sulfhydryl groups (-SH) can prevent liver damage that could even occur with therapeutic or toxic doses. Methods: 5 cases of exposure to paracetamol are discussed, in which NAC was administered due to impaired liver function. These manifestations presented different severity depending on the drug doses and the time until medical consultation. Results: four patients ingested single toxic doses and one patient received the maximum daily dose of paracetamol of 4000 mg/day for 5 days. The patient who consulted within 4 hours after ingestion did not present elevation of transaminases. All patients received NAC, with normal liver enzymes at discharge. Conclusion: the early administration of NAC may be useful to prevent liver damage both in toxic dose intakes and in cases of use of maximum therapeutic doses for several days. (AU)

Análise do indicador tempo resposta do serviço de atendimento móvel de urgência (SAMU) / Análisis del indicador de tiempo de respuesta del servicio de atención móvil de emergencia (SAMU) / Analysis of the response time indicator of the emergency mobile care service (SAMU)

Objetivo: analisar o indicador tempo resposta do serviço de atendimento móvel de urgência, referente aos chamados para agravos clínicos e traumáticos que resultaram em atendimento pré-hospitalar e avaliar o indicador tempo resposta de deslocamento da equipe até o local da ocorrência e o tempo de deslocamento até o serviço intra-hospitalar. Método: concerniu em uma estratégia de pesquisa de campo do tipo longitudinal e retrospectiva, na qual analisou-se os dados referentes ao tempo resposta despendido em cada fase do atendimento das ocorrências, constituída por 336 fichas de ocorrências no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2019. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Faculdade Integral Diferencial sob o número CAAE: 27613219.1.0000.5211 e parecer de número 3.948.907. Resultados: evidenciou-se que o tempo resposta do serviço analisado possui uma média de 46,18 minutos para os atendimentos dos chamados rurais, e 14,74 minutos para a zona rural. Conclusão: o tempo resposta em análise perpassa os valores admitidos como ideais.(AU)

Objective: to analyze the response time indicator of the mobile emergency care service, referring to calls for clinical and traumatic injuries that resulted in pre-hospital care and to evaluate the response time indicator of the team's displacement to the place of occurrence and the displacement time to the in-hospital service. Method: it concerned a longitudinal and retrospective field research strategy, in which data referring to the response time spent in each phase of the attendance of occurrences were analyzed, consisting of 336 occurrence records in the period from January to December 2019 The research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Faculdade Integral Diferencial under number CAAE: 27613219.1.0000.5211 and opinion number 3,948,907. Results: it was evidenced that the response time of the analyzed service has an average of 46.18 minutes for the attendance of rural calls, and 14.74 minutes for the rural area. Conclusion: the response time under analysis goes beyond the values accepted as ideal.(AU)

Objetivo: analizar el indicador de tiempo de respuesta del servicio de atención móvil de emergencia, referente a las llamadas por lesiones clínicas y traumáticas que resultaron en atención prehospitalaria y evaluar el indicador de tiempo de respuesta del desplazamiento del equipo al lugar de ocurrencia y el tiempo de desplazamiento al servicio hospitalario. Método: se trató de una estrategia de investigación de campo longitudinal y retrospectiva, en la que se analizaron datos referentes al tiempo de respuesta empleado en cada fase de la atención de ocurrencias, constituidos por 336 registros de ocurrencia en el período de enero a diciembre de 2019. La investigación fue aprobada por el Comité de Ética en Investigación de la Faculdade Integral Diferencial bajo el número CAAE: 27613219.1.0000.5211 y dictamen número 3.948.907. Resultados: se evidenció que el tiempo de respuesta del servicio analizado tiene un promedio de 46,18 minutos para la atención de llamadas rurales, y 14,74 minutos para la zona rural. Conclusión: el tiempo de respuesta bajo análisis va más allá de los valores aceptados como ideales.(AU)

Evaluation of Visual Acuity of Ametropia with Visual Event-Related Potential Nogo-P3 Component / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To analyze the Nogo-P3 component of event-related potential (ERP) in the process of visual acuity processing, to provide electrophysiological evidence for objective evaluation of visual acuity.@*METHODS@#Twenty-six subjects with no other ocular diseases except for ametropia were recruited, and all subjects had uncorrected visual acuity both eyes 1/10 (evaluated using Monoyer chart). Block letter E with different visual angles and directions were used as graphic stimuli. The Go/Nogo paradigm was used for ERP studies. The visual angle of Go stimulation angle was 1°15', Nogo stimuli were 1°15', 55', 24' and 15'. The visual acuity test was performed on each of the two naked eyes separately in all subjects, and the characteristics of the Nogo-P3 component were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The latency of Nogo-P3 showed no difference between the stimuli of 1°15' and 55', and between Nogo stimulation angle 24' and 15'. There was significant difference between Nogo stimulation angle 1°15' and 24', and between Nogo stimulation angle 1°15' and 15' (P<0.05). There was significant difference between Nogo stimulation angle 55' and 24', and between Nogo stimulation angle 55' and 15' (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in the Nogo-P3 amplitude among Nogo stimulation.@*CONCLUSIONS@#In the Go/Nogo paradigm, Nogo-P3 can reflect the cognitive response of subjects to Nogo stimulation, which can be used for objective evaluation of visual acuity.

Análise comparativa de quedas e tempo de reação entre idosas sedentárias e praticantes de atividades físicas / Comparative analysis during falls and reaction time amongst sedentary and physycally active female elderly

No envelhecimento, ocorre diminuição de respostas a estímulos externos, o que pode acarretar quedas devido ao desequilíbrio postural da pessoa. Isso ocorre porque, nessa fase da vida, existe uma dificuldade em manter o corpo sobre sua base de apoio, seja ela estacionária ou móvel. O tempo de reação (TR) humano pode ser entendido como o tempo necessário para que uma pessoa perceba e reaja o mais rapidamente possível. Esse fenômeno pode ser chamado de reflexo e representa o nível de coordenação neuromuscular, em que os estímulos visuais, auditivos ou táteis são decodificados pelo corpo por meio de vários processos físicos, químicos e mecânicos. O objetivo deste trabalho é o seguinte: comparar o tempo de reação entre idosas que praticam atividade física ou não e confrontar o histórico de quedas com o tempo de reação das participantes, em ambos os grupos. Metodologia: trata-se de estudo quantitativo transversal, com 120 idosas, distribuídas em dois grupos, com idade entre 65 e 75 anos, praticantes de dança e não praticantes. Para a coleta dos dados, foi utilizada uma plataforma de contato e um questionário com o objetivo de identificar as quedas no ano. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo t student. Resultados: O grupo da dança apresentou menor TR e número de quedas em relação ao outro grupo. Conclusão: este estudo demonstrou que a atividade física, como a dança, diminuiu a possibilidade de queda em idosos(AU)

Reaction time (RT) is the ability to react with greater speed of movement, according to specific conditioning. With aging the responses to external stimuli decreases, which can lead to falls, the prevention of which are by postural balance maintenance, responding immediately to stimuli thus maintaining body position on its support base, whether stationary or mobile. The objective is to compare the reaction time among elderly women who practice physical activity or not, and to compare the history of falls with the reaction time of the participants, in both groups. Methodology: this was a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. The participants were 120 elderly women between 65 and 75 years of age, divided into two groups: dance practitioners and non practitioners of physical activities. A contact platform (Just Jump System, Probotics INC.) was used for RT data collection and for the data on the number of falls in the last twelve months a structured questionnaire was used. The data collected from RT were analyzed statistically by the t student, being considered significant values of p <0.05. Results: the dance group presented a lower RT in the tests compared to the other group, with p <0.0001 and lower number of falls in relation to G2 (G1 = 14 and G2 = 46). Conclusion: this study we believe may contribute to a decrease in hospitalization, because the improvement of the RT as a result of their training, will favor the elderly in their capacity of immediate response to the stimulus, reducing the possibility of falls.(AU)

Treinamento pliométrico de membros superiores e inferiores em 5 semanas melhora desempenho físico de estudantes de educação física / Pliometric training in 5 weeks improves physical performance of physical education students: a pilot study

: Este estudo investigou o impacto de 5 semanas de treinamento pliométrico em membros superiores e inferiores sobre o desempenho físico em estudantes de Educação Física. Foram recrutados 16 estudantes do sexo masculino de 18 a 23 anos divididos em 2 grupos (Controle e Treino). O grupo Treino foi submetido ao treinamento pliométrico de membros superiores e inferiores por 5 semanas com 3 sessões/semana de 30-40 minutos/sessão, composta de 10 exercícios de braço e perna (10-20 repetições/exercício). Antes e imediatamente após o programa de treinamento pliométrico, os indivíduos foram avaliados por parâmetros antropométricos (peso, estatura, índice de massa corporal e percentual de gordura), nível de flexibilidade e desempenho físico (forças de toque e de ataque, salto vertical, sprint de 20 m e agilidade). Dados de flexibilidade e desempenho físico foram avaliados por análise de covariância (ANCOVA), além da correlação de Pearson entre as variáveis de desempenho físico após 5 semanas de treinamento. O grupo Treino exibiu maior ganho de desempenho no salto vertical quando comparado ao grupo Controle (p< 0,05). Todavia, não foi observada diferença significativa entre os grupos Treino e Controle nos ganhos de força de toque e de ataque, no desempenho do teste de sprint de 20 m, no teste de agilidade e de flexibilidade (p> 0,05). Houve correlação positiva entre os testes de forças de toque e de ataque com o salto vertical (p< 0,001, r= 0,633; e p< 0,001, r= 0,639; respectivamente), como também correlação dos testes salto vertical com os testes de velocidade (p< 0,001, r= -0,768) e agilidade (p< 0,002, r= -0,537) após o treinamento. Conclui-se que 5 semanas de treinamento pliométrico de membros superiores e inferiores exibiram melhora no desempenho do salto vertical de estudantes de Educação Física, bem como observou-se correlação entre os parâmetros neuromusculares anaeróbicos de membros inferiores e superiores após o período de treinamento.(AU)

This study investigated the impact of 5 weeks of plyometric training on upper and lower limbs on physical performance parameters in Physical Education students. Sixteen male college students aged 18 to 23 years were divided into 2 groups (Control and Training). The Training group was submitted to 5 weeks of plyometric training for upper and lower limbs, with 3 sessions per week for 30-40 minutes per session. Training sessions consisted of 10 arm and leg exercises (10-20 repetitions per exercise). Anthropometric parameters (weight, height, body mass index and body fat percentage), level of flexibility and physical performance (touch and attack strength, vertical jump, 20m sprint, agility) were assessed before and immediately after the plyometric training program. Flexibility and physical performance data were assessed by covariance analysis (ANCOVA), in addition to Pearson's correlation among physical performance parameters after 5 weeks of training. The Training group showed a greater gain in the vertical jump performance when compared to the Control group. However, no significant difference was observed between the Training and Control groups for touch and attack strength gains, for 20 m sprint performance gains, and for agility and flexibility test gains. There was a positive correlation between the tests of touch and attack strengths with vertical jump performance. There was also positive correlation between touch and attack strength with vertical jump (p< 0.001, r= 0.633; e p< 0,001, r= 0.639; respectively), and between vertical jump performance and 20m sprint performance (p< 0.001, r= -0,768) and agility test after training (p< 0.002, r= -0,537). It is concluded that 5 weeks of plyometric training for upper and lower limbs showed improvement in the vertical jump performance in Physical Education students. There was also a correlation between the anaerobic neuromuscular parameters of lower and upper limbs after the training period.(AU)

Asociación entre variables de adiposidad y la velocidad con cambios de dirección en jóvenes futbolistas / Association between adiposity variables and change of direction speed in young soccer players

Introducción: La identificación de variables antropométricas relacionadas con el rendimiento en un deporte representa un interés en común para los profesionales de la salud y el deporte. Objetivo: Determinar la influencia del índice de masa corporal, la masa grasa y la masa libre de grasa en la velocidad con cambios de dirección en jóvenes futbolistas. Métodos: Se aplicó un estudio descriptivo de tipo correlacional con un enfoque cuantitativo y una muestra a conveniencia conformada por 21 futbolistas. Para valorar la velocidad con cambios de dirección se utilizó el Test de sprint 20 metros con cambios de dirección y el porcentaje de grasa corporal por medio de un monitor OMRON® BF-306. Los datos fueron analizados en el paquete estadístico PSPP en el cual se aplicó la prueba de normalidad de Shapiro-Wilk y el coeficiente correlacional de Pearson (95 por ciento de confianza y un p-valor de 0,05). Resultados: Los resultados reflejaron una distribución normal (p > 0,05); sin embargo, no se obtuvieron relaciones significativas entre el índice de masa corporal (r = -0,29), masa grasa (r = -0,06) y masa libre de grasa (r = 0,06; p > 0,05) con el rendimiento en la prueba de velocidad con cambios de dirección. Conclusiones: Este estudio permitió establecer que no existe relación significativa entre el índice de masa corporal, masa grasa y masa libre de grasa con el rendimiento de la velocidad con cambios de dirección en jóvenes futbolistas(AU)

Introduction: Identification of anthropometric variables related to performance in a given sport is a common topic of interest to health and sports professionals. Objective: Determine the influence of body mass index, fat mass, and fat-free mass on change of direction speed in young soccer players. Methods: A correlational descriptive quantitative study was conducted of a convenience sample of 21 soccer players. Change of direction speed was measured with the Meters Swerve Sprint Test, whereas body fat percentage was evaluated with an OMRON® BF-306 monitor. The data were analyzed with the statistical package PSPP, with application of the Shapiro-Wilk normality test and Pearson's correlational coefficient (confidence interval 95 percent and p-value 0,05). Results: Results show a normal distribution (p > 0,05). However, a significant relationship was not found between body mass (r = -0,29), fat mass (r = -0,06) and fat-free mass (r = 0,06; p > 0,05), and performance in the swerve speed test. Conclusions: The study found that there is not a significant relationship between body mass index, fat mass and fat-free mass, and change of direction speed in young soccer players(AU)

Single session of action observation in choice reaction time in healthy children

Abstract Aim: Learning by action observation (AO) is a fundamental cognitive ability existing from birth either in live or in the video. However, the specific AO training, in live or in the video, can influence decision making and motor planning in healthy children? This study aimed to evaluate if a single session of both practices (live and video) modifies the choice reaction time during reaching tasks in healthy children. Methods: This is a cross-sectional and randomized study with 22 children aged 6 to 8 years. We measured the choice reaction time (CRT) by electromyography at baseline and after both practices. Data were analyzed using Friedman and posthoc Dunn non-parametric tests for each age group individually as well as all ages combined. Kurtosis analysis was performed to assess data variability. Results: Significant decrease in CRT was observed after action observation in the video in 8-year-olds. Also, we observed choice reaction time variability reduction in 8-year-olds after both practices compared to that at baseline. Conclusion: A decrease in CRT was observed after the single session of action observation in the video in 8-year-olds. Additionally, there was a reduced variability in CRT after performing both practices in the same age group.

Potenciais evocados auditivos corticais no transtorno do espectro do autismo: revisão sistemática / Cortical auditory evoked potentials in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar e analisar quais são os achados característicos dos Potenciais Evocados Auditivos Corticais (PEAC) em crianças e/ou adolescentes com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) em comparação do desenvolvimento típico, por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Estratégia de pesquisa Após formulação da pergunta de pesquisa, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura em sete bases de dados (Web of Science, Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Lilacs, Scielo, Science Direct, e Google acadêmico), com os seguintes descritores: transtorno do espectro autista (autism spectrum disorder), transtorno autístico (autistic disorder), potenciais evocados auditivos (evoked potentials, auditory), potencial evocado P300 (event related potentials, P300) e criança (child). A presente revisão foi cadastrada no Próspero, sob número 118751. Critérios de seleção Foram selecionados estudos publicados na integra, sem limitação de idioma, entre 2007 e 2019. Análise dos dados: Foram analisadas as características de latência e amplitude dos componentes P1, N1, P2, N2 e P3 presentes nos PEAC. Resultados Foram localizados 193 estudos; contudo 15 estudos contemplaram os critérios de inclusão. Embora não tenha sido possível identificar um padrão de resposta para os componentes P1, N1, P2, N2 e P3, os resultados da maioria dos estudos demonstraram que indivíduos com TEA podem apresentar diminuição de amplitude e aumento de latência do componente P3. Conclusão Indivíduos com TEA podem apresentar respostas diversas para os componentes dos PEAC, sendo que a diminuição de amplitude e aumento de latência do componente P3 foram as características mais comuns.

ABSTRACT Purpose To identify and analyze what are the characteristic findings of Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials (CAEP) in children and / or adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) compared to typical development, through a systematic literature review. Research strategies Based on the formulation of a research question, a bibliographic survey was carried out in seven databases (Web of Science, Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Lilacs, Scielo, Science Direct, and Google Sholar), with the following descriptors: autism spectrum disorder (transtorno do espectro autista), autistic disorder (transtorno autístico), evoked potentials, auditory (potenciais evocados auditivos), event related potentials, P300 (potencial evocado P300) e child (criança). This review was registered in Prospero, under number 118751. Selection criteria Were selected articles published, without language limitation, between 2007 and 2019. Data analysis The characteristics of the latency and amplitude aspects of the P1, N1, P2, N2 and P3 components present in the CAEP. Results 193 studies were located; however, 15 original articles were included the inclusion criteria for this study. Although it has not been possible to identify any pattern of response for the P1, N1, P2 and N2 components, the results of the selected studies have demonstrated that individuals with ASD may present a decrease in amplitude and increase in latency of the P3 component. Conclusion Individuals with ASD may present different responses to the components of the CAEP, and the decrease of the amplitude and increase of the latency of the P3 component were the most common characteristics.

The anticipatory and reaction time behaviors of the futsal goalkeeper / Os comportamentos antecipatório e de tempo de reação do goleiro do futsal

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the goalkeeper's anticipatory and reaction time behaviors. For this purpose, 50 kicks performed by male futsal players were analyzed. The time of goalkeeper's response to a kick was analyzed in relation to the kick outcome, court zone and distance between the goalkeeper and player who performed the kick. The goalkeeper's anticipation and reaction time behaviors were those below and above 200 ms as the time criterion, respectively, by considering the moment the player began the preparation for kicking to the moment the goalkeeper began to respond to it. Results showed that the goalkeeper performed anticipatory behaviors predominantly when (i) goals were attained and (ii) kicks were performed in the center and attack court's zones (iii) at a distance ranging from 5.97 to 7.84 meters. In these conditions, the goalkeepers' anticipatory behaviors implied ineffective performances.

RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os comportamentos antecipatório e de tempo de reação do goleiro. Para este fim foram analisados 50 chutes executados por jogaores de futsal. O tempo de resposta do goleiro a um chute foi analisado em relação ao resultado do chute, à zona da quadra e à distância entre o goleiro e o jogador que executou o chute. Os comportamentos de antecipação e tempo de reação do goleiro foram considerados, respectivamente, como aqueles executados abaixo e acima de 200 ms considerando o início do movimento do chutador e o início do movimento do goleiro. Os resultados mostraram que o goleiro executou comportamentos antecipatórios predominantemente quando (i) ocorreram gols, (ii) os chutes foram executados das zonas central e de ataque, (iii) de distâncias entre 5,97 a 7,84 metros. Nestas condições, os comportamentos antecipatórios do goleiro implicaram em performances ineficazes.

Forward masking with frequency-following response analyses

ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze forward masking in normally hearing young people, by using frequency-following responses. Methods: the synthetic syllable /da/ was used for the recordings of ten individuals, in the following conditions: /da/ with no masking, and /da/ after 4, 16, 32, and 64 milliseconds of masking. F-test (ANOVA) was applied for repeated measures with the Greenhouse-Geisser correction to compare testing conditions. For significant differences, multiple comparisons (between pairs of conditions) and Bonferroni correction were used. Data normality was verified by applying the Shapiro-Wilk test, and statistical significance was used at 5%. Results: wave latencies of all masking conditions were compared with those of no masking. A latency delay was observed in the transient region of the response (PV and A) in all masking conditions, except for 64 milliseconds. Latency delay also occurred for waves PW, PX, and PY, which corresponded to the sustained region of the response. Conclusion: forward masking was observed, by using frequency-following responses with /da/ syllable in four intervals (4, 16, 32, and 64 ms) of preceding masking. Forward masking was more evident in the transient region of the response than in the sustained one. This study highlights the importance of electrophysiological testing in temporal processing assessment.

Correlating cognition and cortical excitability with pain in fibromyalgia: a case control study

Abstract Background: Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal symptoms, primarily attributed to sensitization of somatosensory system carrying pain. Few reports have investigated the impact of fibromyalgia symptoms on cognition, corticomotor excitability, sleepiness, and the sleep quality — all of which can deteriorate the quality of life in fibromyalgia. However, the existing reports are underpowered and have conflicting directions of findings, limiting their generalizability. Therefore, the present study was designed to compare measures of cognition, corticomotor excitability, sleepiness, and sleep quality using standardized instruments in the recruited patients of fibromyalgia with pain-free controls. Methods: Diagnosed cases of fibromyalgia were recruited from the Rheumatology department for the cross-sectional, case-control study. Cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination, Stroop color-word task), corticomotor excitability (Resting motor threshold, Motor evoked potential amplitude), daytime sleepiness (Epworth sleepiness scale), and sleep quality (Pittsburgh sleep quality index) were studied according to the standard procedure. Results: Thirty-four patients of fibromyalgia and 30 pain-free controls were recruited for the study. Patients of fibromyalgia showed decreased cognitive scores (p = 0.05), lowered accuracy in Stroop color-word task (for color: 0.02, for word: 0.01), and prolonged reaction time (< 0.01, < 0.01). Excessive daytime sleepiness in patients were found (< 0.01) and worsened sleep quality (< 0.01) were found. Parameters of corticomotor excitability were comparable between patients of fibromyalgia and pain-free controls. Conclusions: Patients of fibromyalgia made more errors, had significantly increased reaction time for cognitive tasks, marked daytime sleepiness, and impaired quality of sleep. Future treatment strategies may include cognitive deficits and sleep disturbances as an integral part of fibromyalgia management.(AU)

Effect of single hyperbaric oxygen treatment on attention networks in young migrants in Tibet / 生理学报

Many studies have shown that high-altitude exposure could significantly influence human cognition, and the approaches which could enhance the human cognition in high-altitude hypoxia environment attract great attention. In the present study, we recruited a total of 60 subjects who had been migrated to Tibet University as adults for more than one year. These participants were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group. The participants in the experimental group were instructed to complete a hyperbaric oxygen treatment, and those in the control group just completed a wait condition. By using the attention network test (ANT), the changes of the attention function before and after a single session of hyperbaric oxygen treatment were explored. The results showed that single hyperbaric oxygen treatment significantly improved the orienting function of attention, with an obvious post-intervention effect, but not the alerting and conflict function of attention. We also found a strong association between alerting function and conflict function after the end of intervention, suggesting the change of the overall performance of attention function. The present findings might suggest that the improvement of attention function by a single session of hyperbaric oxygen intervention is derived from the increase of general cognitive resources, rather than the transfer of cognitive resources within the attention system.

Research on enhancement of mental rotation ability based on transcranial direct current stimulation / 生物医学工程学杂志

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive low-current brain stimulation technique, which is mainly based on the different polarity of electrode stimulation to make the activation threshold of neurons different, thereby regulating the excitability of the cerebral cortex. In this paper, healthy subjects were randomly divided into three groups: anodal stimulation group, cathodal stimulation group and sham stimulation group, with 5 subjects in each group. Then, the performance data of the three groups of subjects were recorded before and after stimulation to test their mental rotation ability, and resting state and task state electroencephalogram (EEG) data were collected. Finally, through comparative analysis of the behavioral data and EEG data of the three groups of subjects, the effect of electrical stimulation of different polarities on the three-dimensional mental rotation ability was explored. The results of the study found that the correct response time/accuracy rate and the accuracy rate performance of the anodal stimulation group were higher than those of the cathodal stimulation and sham stimulation groups, and there was a significant difference (

Perfil, evolução e desfecho dos pacientes atendidos pelo serviço de atendimento móvel de urgência / Perfil, evolución y desenlace de los pacientes atendidos por el servicio de atención móvil de urgencia / Profile, evolution and outcome of patients served by the mobile emergency care service

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar perfil, evolução e desfecho dos pacientes atendidos pelo SAMU 192. Método: estudo transversal, exploratório e descritivo. A amostra constou dados de 600 pacientes adultos, atendidos no ano de 2015 pelo SAMU e encaminhados para outro serviço de saúde. Realizou-se análise descritiva para identificar o perfil da população, a evolução e o desfecho intra-hospitalar; teste de correlação entre o tempo resposta no serviço pré-hospitalar e o tempo de internação; e regressão logística múltipla entre o tempo resposta e o desfecho. Utilizou-se p<0,05 como nível de significância. Resultados: predominaram o atendimento de ocorrências clínicas, o sexo masculino e a média de idade de 55,5 anos. Após o atendimento pré-hospitalar, 50,2% dos pacientes permaneceram em observação e 34,8% precisaram de internação hospitalar. O tempo resposta pré-hospitalar apresentou correlação positiva com o tempo de internação. O principal desfecho foi a alta médica, sendo que 41% deles foram encaminhados para continuidade do tratamento. Conclusão: a análise mostrou um perfil de atendimentos a pacientes com idade média de 55 anos e acometidos por doenças de natureza clínica que necessitaram de encaminhamento a uma unidade de saúde, permanecendo em observação hospitalar por até 12h. Esses resultados são importantes para o embasamento de protocolos de fluxo assistencial na RUE, a fim de diminuir a sobrecarga dos serviços terciários.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar el perfil, la evolución y el desenlace de los pacientes asistidos por el SAMU 192. Método: estudio transversal, exploratorio y descriptivo. La muestra estuvo compuesta por datos de 600 pacientes adultos, atendidos en el año 2015 por el SAMU y encaminados a otro servicio de salud. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo para identificar el perfil de la población, la evolución y el desenlace intrahospitalario; prueba de correlación entre tiempo de respuesta en el servicio prehospitalario y duración de la hospitalización; y regresión logística múltiple entre el tiempo de respuesta y el desenlace. El nivel de significación utilizado fue p<0,05. Resultados: predominaron la atención a los casos clínicos, el género masculino y la edad promedio de 55,5 años. Después de la atención prehospitalaria, el 50,2% de los pacientes permaneció en observación y el 34,8% necesitó hospitalización. El tiempo de respuesta prehospitalaria se correlacionó positivamente con la duración de hospitalización. El desenlace principal fue el alta médica, con un 41% de ellos encaminado para la continuidad del tratamiento. Conclusión: el análisis mostró un perfil de atención a pacientes con edad promedio de 55 años y afectados por enfermedades clínicas que requirieron encaminamientos a una unidad de salud, permaneciendo en observación hospitalaria hasta 12h. Estos resultados son importantes para el establecimiento de protocolos de flujo asistencial en la RUE, con miras a reducir la sobrecarga de los servicios terciarios.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the profile, the evolution and outcome of patients served by the SAMU 192. Method: cross-sectional, exploratory and descriptive study. The sample consisted of data from 600 adult patients, served in the year 2015 by the SAMU and referred to another health service. Descriptive analysis was performed to identify the population profile, the evolution and the intra-hospital outcome; correlation testing between response time in the pre-hospital service and length of stay; and multiple logistic regression between response time and outcome. It used p<0.05 as the significance level. Results: there was a predominance of care for clinical occurrences, male gender and average age of 55.5 years. After pre-hospital care, 50.2% of the surveyed patients remained under observation and 34.8% required hospitalization. The pre-hospital response time was positively correlated with the length of stay. The main outcome was medical discharge, with 41% of them being referred for the continuity of treatment. Conclusion: the analysis showed a profile of care provided to patients with an average age of 55 years and suffering from clinical diseases that required referral to a health unit, remaining under hospital observation for up to 12 hours. These results are important for the support of care flow protocols in the RUE, in order to reduce the overload of tertiary services.

Golden time: Análise do tempo resposta do serviço de Atendimento móvel de urgência / Golden time: Analysis of the response service time Mobile urgency care / Tiempo de oro: Análisis del tiempo de respuesta del Servicio de emergencia móvil

Justificativa e Objetivos: analisar o Golden time desenvolvido pelo serviço de atendimento móvel de urgência (SAMU) da cidade de Floriano, Piauí, Brasil. Justifica-se por haver poucas produções que enfatizam primordialmente o tempo (Golden Hour), tornando-se imprescindível aos estudantes e profissionais da área, mostrando que ter domínio e conhecimento do mesmo, pode salvar vidas. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, documental e, abordagem quantitativa realizado a partir dos registros na ficha de atendimento referente ao ano de 2018, a partir do levantamento das variáveis das etapas do Golden time, natureza e tempo do evento, e analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e inferencial.O presente estudo atendeu a todos os preceitos éticos com base no parecer de aprovação do comitê de ética (n° 96443518.4.0000.5660) Resultados: O Golden time mais frequentemente, em 58,5% dos casos, desenvolvido pelo SAMU foi de 15 a 30 minutos. As urgências e emergências clínicas em adultos foram os tipos de eventos mais comumente atendidos (35,50%). Conclusão O atendimento de maior frequência do SAMU de Floriano foi os casos de urgência e emergências clinicas em adultos, juntamente com o tempo de 15 a 30min.(AU)

Background and Objectives: analyze the Golden team developed by the mobile emergency service (SAMU) in the city of Floriano, Piauí, Brazil. It is justified because there are few productions that primarily emphasize time (Golden Hour), making it essential for students and professionals in the field, showing that having knowledge and knowledge of it, can save lives. Methods: This is a descriptive, documentary and quantitative approach carried out based on the records in the attendance sheet for the year 2018, based on the survey of the variables of the Golden time stages, nature and time of the event, and analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. This study met all ethical principles based on the approval opinion of the ethics committee (n ° 96443518.4.0000.5660). Results: The golden time most often, in 58.5% of cases, developed by SAMU was 15 to 30 minutes. Adult emergencies and /emergencies were the types of events most commonly attended (35.50%). Conclusion: The most frequent service provided by Floriano's SAMU was urgent cases and clinical emergencies in adults, along with the time of 15 to 30 minutes.(AU)

Justificación y Objetivos: analizar el equipo de oro desarrollado por el servicio móvil de emergencia (SAMU) en la ciudad de Floriano, Piauí, Brasil. Se justifica porque son pocas las producciones que enfatizan primordialmente el tiempo (Hora Dorada), por lo que es fundamental para los estudiantes y profesionales del campo, demostrando que tener conocimiento y conocimiento del mismo, puede salvar vidas. Métodos: Se trata de un abordaje descriptivo, documental y cuantitativo realizado a partir de los registros en la hoja de asistencia del año 2018, a partir del relevamiento de las variables de las etapas del tiempo Dorado, naturaleza y tiempo del evento, y analizado mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial. El presente estudio cumplió con todos los preceptos éticos basados en la opinión de aprobación del comité de ética (n ° 96443518.4.0000.5660).Resultados: El equipo de oro con mayor frecuencia, en el 58,5% de los casos, desarrollado por SAMU fue de 15 a 30 minutos. Las emergencias de adultos y / / emergencias fueron los tipos de eventos más concurridos (35,50%). Conclusión La asistencia más frecuente en SAMU en Floriano fueron casos urgentes y emergencias clínicas en adultos, junto con el tiempo de 15 a 30 minutos.(AU)

Intragroup differences and similarities in performance on rapid automatized naming tasks in children with ADHD symptoms, children with reading disabilities, and controls

Abstract Introduction Rapid automatized naming (RAN) is the ability to name, as fast as possible, symbols such as letters, digits and figures. The present study aimed to investigate intragroup performance patterns on RAN tasks in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms alone, children with reading disability (RD) alone and controls with typical development. Methods A total of 216 Brazilian children between 8 to 11 years old were selected from public schools located in two Brazilian capitals, namely Porto Alegre and Belo Horizonte, to participate in the study. Mixed 3 (participant group: ADHD symptoms, RD or control group) × 3 (type of stimulus: letters, numbers or figures) ANOVAs were performed using response time and number of errors as dependent variables. Only intragroup comparisons are described in this paper. Results The groups with ADHD symptoms and RD showed similar performance results on naming speed. There were no differences between letters and numbers within each group, but we found slower responses in figure naming compared to the other tasks for both groups. Concerning accuracy, children with ADHD symptoms showed a similar number of errors in all three tasks. These patterns were distinct from the performance of the control group. Conclusion Results suggest a shared deficit in naming speed of alphanumeric stimuli in children with ADHD symptoms and those with RD, and impairments in naming digits correctly in children with ADHD symptoms.

The investigation of semantic memory deficit in chronic tinnitus: a behavioral report / Investigação do déficit de memória semântica no zumbido crônico: um relato comportamental

Abstract Introduction: Tinnitus is a central auditory disorder in which different processing systems are involved as a network. One of these networks is memory. Previous studies have demonstrated some deficits in various types of memory in chronic tinnitus. Objectives: The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the semantic memory, which is not yet investigated in the tinnitus population. Methods: In this case-control study, 15 subjects with chronic tinnitus and 16 matched healthy controls were included. 40 semantically related and 40 semantically unrelated word pairs were presented to the participants in a counter-balanced fashion. They were asked to make decision about their semantic relatedness. Then the participants' reaction times and the accuracy of responses were calculated. Results: Mean of reaction times were significantly longer in the tinnitus group (M = 1034 ms, SD = 0.31) compared to the control group (Mean = 1016 ms, SD = 0.13), p < 0.05. However, no significant difference was found for the mean percentage of correct responses between the two groups. Conclusion: The current study provided behavioral evidence that chronic tinnitus can affect the semantic memory. Such behavioral outcomes may provide new insights into more research activities in the field of electrophysiology and neuroimaging in the tinnitus population.

Resumo Introdução: O zumbido é um distúrbio auditivo central, no qual diferentes sistemas de processamento estão envolvidos como em uma rede. Uma dessas redes é a memória. Estudos anteriores demonstraram alguns déficits em vários tipos de memória no zumbido crônico. Objetivos: Investigar a memória semântica, que ainda não foi investigada na população com zumbido. Método: Neste estudo de caso-controle, 15 indivíduos com zumbido crônico e 16 controles saudáveis pareados foram incluídos; 40 pares de palavras semanticamente relacionados e 40 semanticamente não relacionados foram apresentados aos participantes de forma contrabalançada. Eles foram instruídos a tomar decisões sobre sua relação semântica. Em seguida, os tempos de reação dos participantes e a precisão das respostas foram calculados. Resultados: A média dos tempos de reação foi significativamente maior no grupo com zumbido (M = 1,034 ms, DP = 0,31) em comparação ao grupo controle (média = 1,016 ms, DP = 0,13), p< 0,05. Entretanto, nenhuma diferença significante foi encontrada para a porcentagem média de respostas corretas entre os dois grupos. Conclusão: O presente estudo forneceu evidências comportamentais de que o zumbido crônico pode afetar a memória semântica. Tais resultados comportamentais podem levar a novas percepções em mais atividades de pesquisa no campo da eletrofisiologia e neuroimagem na população com zumbido.

Brainstem auditory evoked potentials with speech stimulus in neonates / Potenciais evocados auditivos de tronco encefálico por estímulo de fala em neonatos

Abstract Introduction: Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in response to complex sounds, such as speech sounds, investigate the neural representation of these sounds at subcortical levels, and faithfully reflect the stimulus characteristics. However, there are few studies that utilize this type of stimulus; for it to be used in clinical practice it is necessary to establish standards of normality through studies performed in different populations. Objective: To analyze the latencies and amplitudes of the waves obtained from the tracings of brainstem auditory evoked potentials using speech stimuli in Brazilian neonates with normal hearing and without auditory risk factors. Methods: 21 neonates with a mean age of 9 days without risk of hearing loss and with normal results at the neonatal hearing screening were evaluated according to the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing protocols. Auditory evoked potentials were performed with speech stimuli (/da/ syllable) at the intensity of 80 dBNA and the latency and amplitude of the waves obtained were analyzed. Results: In the transient portion, we observed a 100% response rate for all analyzable waves (Wave I, Wave III, Wave V and Wave A), and these waves exhibited a latency <10 ms. In the sustained portion, Wave B was identified in 53.12% of subjects; Wave C in 75%; Wave D in 90.62%; Wave E in 96.87%; Wave F in 87.5% and Wave O was identified in 87.5% of subjects. The observed latency of these waves ranged from 11.51 ms to 52.16 ms. Greater similarity was observed for the response latencies, as well as greater amplitude variation in the studied group. Conclusions: Although the wave morphology obtained for brainstem evoked potentials with speech stimulation in neonates is quite similar to that of adults, a longer latency and greater variation in amplitude were observed in the waves analyzed.

Resumo Introdução: Os potenciais evocados auditivos de tronco encefálico para sons complexos, como, por exemplo, sons de fala, investigam a representação neural desses sons em níveis subcorticais e refletem com fidelidade as características do estímulo. No entanto, existem ainda poucos estudos que usam esse tipo de estímulo e para que possa ser usado na prática clínica é necessário estabelecer padrões de normalidade por meio de estudos em diferentes populações. Objetivo: Analisar as latências e as amplitudes das ondas obtidas nos traçados dos potenciais evocados auditivos de tronco encefálico por estímulo de fala em neonatos brasileiros com audição normal e sem risco auditivo. Método: Foram avaliados 21 neonatos com média de 9 dias, sem risco auditivo segundo o Joint Committe on Infant Hearing e com resultado normal para triagem auditiva neonatal. Fizeram-se potenciais evocados auditivos por estímulo de fala (sílaba /da/) na intensidade de 80 dBNA e analisaram-se a latência e a amplitude das ondas obtidas. Resultados: Na porção transiente observaram-se 100% de ocorrência de resposta para todas as ondas analisáveis (Onda I, Onda III, Onda V e Onda A) e esse conjunto de ondas apresentou latência inferior a 10 ms. Na porção sustentada a frequência de ocorrência da Onda B foi de 53,12%; da Onda C 75%; da Onda D 90,62%; da Onda E 96,87%; da Onda F 87,5% e da Onda O 87,5% e a latência observada dessas ondas variou de 11,51 ms a 52,16 ms. Observou-se maior similaridade nas latências das respostas e maior variação da amplitude no grupo estudado. Conclusões: Embora a morfologia das ondas obtidas para os potenciais evocados de tronco encefálico para o estímulo de fala em neonatos seja bastante semelhante às dos adultos, observou-se maior latência e maior variação da amplitude das ondas analisáveis.